Chapter 22
 By the early twentieth century, Asia and Africa has risen throughout the colonial world. Mostly men were involved and they were familiar with the European culture. They were deeply aware of the gap between its values and its practices. They no longer viewed colonial rule as a vehicle for their peoples progress as their fathers had and they had immediate independence. Growing numbers of men and women were receptive to this message. Veterans of the world; young people with some education but no jobs commensurate with their expectations. Each of these groups had reason to believe that independence held great promise. Struggles for independence was rarely cohesive of uniformly oppressed people. They struggled with one another over leadership, power, strategy, ideology, and distribution of material benefits. Africa's first modern nationalist was Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana. He quoted "Seek yet first the political kingdom and all these other things will be added unto you." But would winning the political kingdom of independence or freedom from European rule really produce "all these other things" release from oppression, industrial growth, economic development, reasonably unified nations, and better life for all? Almost everywhere, the moment of independence generated something close to euphoria.